16th February

FJ Williams Profile Picture
FJW 1955-2007
CH Williams Profile Picture
CHW 2015-
JC Williams Profile Picture
JCW 1897-1939
C Williams Profile Picture
CW 1940-1955

2024 – CHW

For some reason blobs of lichen have grown on one side of the gallery. It is not growing directly on the glass but on film of plastic material which filters UV light entering the building. The UV film has been in place for years and replaced fairly recently. Quite why it has started growing on the less exposed and less sunny side of the gallery roof this winter is a mystery. It has never occurred before. The suppliers of the UV film said we could wash off the lichen blobs with warm water which we did today in the rain. It looks much better from below.

blobs of lichen
blobs of lichen
blobs of lichen
blobs of lichen
An interesting article is attached from The Royal Cornwall Gazette dated 13th February 1868. A clear win in court for John Michael Williams.
The Royal Cornwall Gazette dated 13th February 1868
The Royal Cornwall Gazette dated 13th February 1868

Attached is a letter from the RHS with certificates for the awards showed at the Rosemoor Show in March and April 2023. By RHS standards a swift response!

The moment the Cornish magnolias flower, spring has arrived in England.

Spring has arrived in Cornwall, today 16 February 2024. The date was declared by The Nare, together with The Great Gardens of Cornwall, as part of Cornwall’s Spring Story – which marks the moment the Cornish magnolias flower, spring has arrived in England.

Thanks to the Gulf Stream, the county’s mild, sub-tropical climate ensures that Cornwall sees signs of spring much earlier than the rest of the country.

The first botanical day of spring is declared once six magnificent Magnolia Campbellii in each of the Great Gardens of Cornwall have flowered, with at least 50 blooms on each of the champion trees.

Cornwall’s Spring Story was founded by Toby Ashworth, proprietor of The Nare Hotel, in partnership with the Great Gardens of Cornwall in 2012 – to ensure garden lovers enjoy the splendid sight of the early spring Magnolia Campbellii.

The six champion Magnolia Campbellii trees are located within Cornwall’s Great Gardens of Caerhays, Trebah, Tregothnan, Trewidden, Trewithen, and The Lost Gardens of Heligan. Annually, each head gardener closely monitors the trees, signalling the start of spring the moment all six prized Magnolia trees flower with at least 50 blooms.

Mr Ashworth says: “Spring always arrives early in Cornwall, often an entire month before the other parts of Britain, and this year is no different. We were delighted to see the blooms flowering in the beautiful gardens across the Duchy and to welcome many friends to The Nare to celebrate Cornwall at its best.”

Charles Williams, owner of Caerhays Castle and Gardens and Chairman of the Great Gardens of Cornwall, adds: “There’s nowhere better to enjoy early spring than in Cornwall. Garden lovers should plan to come here in March to really see the gardens in all their spectacular and unique beauty. Flowering Magnolias are the true start of the Spring season”.

2023 – CHW

The form of Phytophthora which just kills Aucuba is striking hard get again on our windbreak below 4-in-Hand. Much evidence of impending death here as I have seen elsewhere here and in other gardens for several years now.

Phytophthora
Phytophthora
Phytophthora
Phytophthora
First flowers out on Camellia japonica ‘Drama Girl’. Those low down have been badly pecked by pheasants.
Camellia japonica ‘Drama Girl’
Camellia japonica ‘Drama Girl’
Camellia japonica ‘Drama Girl’
Camellia japonica ‘Drama Girl’
Rhododendron moulmainense now full out a week on from when we last saw it beginning to open.
Rhododendron moulmainense
Rhododendron moulmainense
Camellia japonica ‘California Sunset’ with dew on the flowers. Not bad but not that exciting! Rounded compact habit.
Camellia japonica ‘California Sunset’
Camellia japonica ‘California Sunset’
Camellia japonica ‘California Sunset’
Camellia japonica ‘California Sunset’
Magnolia ‘Strybing White’ nearly out properly now – a fortnight on from the first colour and held back by the cold nights.
Magnolia ‘Strybing White’
Magnolia ‘Strybing White’
Camellia sasanqua ‘Alpen Glo’ looking good by M.‘S.White’. Leggy upright habit.
Camellia sasanqua ‘Alpen Glo’
Camellia sasanqua ‘Alpen Glo’
Camellia sasanqua ‘Alpen Glo’
Camellia sasanqua ‘Alpen Glo’
Planted in 2008 this Magnolia sprengeri ‘Burncoose’ is the first tree magnolia die from the drought. It was half defoliated in this sunny spot last August. Now the main stem cracking and no sign of any live twigs and a prune back to help it recover as I had originally hoped.
Magnolia sprengeri ‘Burncoose’
Magnolia sprengeri ‘Burncoose’
Magnolia sprengeri ‘Burncoose’
Magnolia sprengeri ‘Burncoose’

2022 – CHW

Zantedeschia aethiopica still in full normal growth and untouched by winter.

Zantedeschia aethiopica
Zantedeschia aethiopica
Primroses now aplenty on the bank outside the front door.
Primroses
Primroses
Snowdrops and cyclamen with the primroses.
Snowdrops
Snowdrops
Narcissus ‘Mr Julian’ full out. This was bred by Ron Scamp as a N. cyclamineus hybrid and named after dad.
Narcissus ‘Mr Julian’
Narcissus ‘Mr Julian’
Magnolia campbellii and Camellia x williamsii ‘Jury’s Yellow’.
Magnolia campbellii
Magnolia campbellii
A lower branch of the Magnolia campbellii seedling along Crinodendron Hedge now full out.
Magnolia campbellii seedling
Magnolia campbellii seedling
Magnolia campbellii seedling
Magnolia campbellii seedling
Magnolia campbellii seedling
Magnolia campbellii seedling
First flower out on Magnolia ‘F J Williams’. There are a few in the Auklandii Garden but this is a youngster above Crinodendron Hedge.
Magnolia ‘F J Williams’
Magnolia ‘F J Williams’
Rhododendron grande nicely out as young plants.
Rhododendron grande
Rhododendron grande
Rhododendron grande
Rhododendron grande
Camellia reticulata – white form just out. A hint of pink in the buds.
Camellia reticulata
Camellia reticulata
Camellia reticulata
Camellia reticulata
Some of the Rhododendron grande seedlings are pink in bud as we have seen before.
Rhododendron grande seedlings
Rhododendron grande seedlings
Yellow fruits persist on Malus x micromalus.
Malus x micromalus
Malus x micromalus
First flower out on Camellia ‘Drama Girl’.
Camellia ‘Drama Girl’
Camellia ‘Drama Girl’
Magnolia ‘Todd’s Forty Niner’ and a seedling Magnolia ‘Caerhays Belle’.
Magnolia ‘Todd’s Forty Niner’
Magnolia ‘Todd’s Forty Niner’
Camellia ‘California Sunset’ is not that special but a compact growing bush.
Camellia ‘California Sunset’
Camellia ‘California Sunset’
Camellia ‘California Sunset’
Camellia ‘California Sunset’
The sister seedling to ‘Caerhays Belle’ is just out in the gloom.
sister seedling to ‘Caerhays Belle’
sister seedling to ‘Caerhays Belle’
First few flowers on Camellia x williamsii ‘Brigadoon’.
Camellia x williamsii ‘Brigadoon’
Camellia x williamsii ‘Brigadoon’

2021 – CHW
In researching an article on the true identity of several veteran holly trees here collected by George Forrest I discovered in Bean a reference to a group of seven Ilex cyrtura trees growing in Trewithen Gardens. I therefore wrote to Gary Long, the head gardener there, to see if the group still existed? His reply and photographs appear here in full.
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
Ilex cyrtura
From: Charles Williams PA
Sent: 08 February 2021 09:50
To: Gary Long
Cc: Sam Galsworthy
Subject: Ilex puzzle
Dear Gary
Good to hear you were opening at the Great Gardens meeting on Friday.
I am writing a (probably very dull) article on Ilex species here. I see that Bean mentions seven Ilex cyrtura (Forrest collected) growing at Trewithen as a clump. This holly species was originally called Ilex forrestii perhaps or then misidentified as Ilex ficoidea.
Are your plants still going and could you let me have a few pictures please of the leaf/trunk? Even a berry or a cutting? Bean says that there was an Ilex cyrtura here and this was identified by Susyn Andrews in 1984 but it may well have died.
As ever, Ilex have had name changes and muddles. We have five 1920s Forrest hollies which have been identified differently by different experts over the years which we are trying to pin down once and for all. Originally called I. insignis, sometimes I. forrestii, more recently I. cyrtura but are possibly now identified as I. dipyrena (four) and I. kingiana (one).
insignis = hookeri? nowadays we think.
forrestii = kingiana nowadays.
Hope you can enlighten or extend the puzzle!
Thanks.
Charles
From: Gary Long
Sent: 08 February 2021 16:20
To: Charles Williams PA
Subject: RE: Ilex puzzle
Afternoon
It was good to hear what others were doing, helps us feel we are not alone in the confusion!
Ilex cytura:
George Johnstone day journal/lists/notebook has two Ilex entered. The book starts alphabetical then goes into lists of plants with a garden tag number on the left (we have no reference or map for these other than finding the occasional tag on plants in the garden), name in the middle then collection number on the right.
The first entry is:
R553 Ilex corallina F. (and no number)
Next is:
A557 Ilex (forrestii) melanotricha (Added in later in different colour pen, I have attached an image) F.24061
Our large stand of the trees is on main lawn and self-seed quite readily around the garden. There is a champion tree among them measured in 1985 and 2004 where in Owen Johnson’s “Champion trees of Britain and Ireland” book he gives it the common name of “Trewithen Holly”. They are semi-deciduous, large trees. They fruit but I haven’t any photos.
Hope this goes some way to sorting the puzzle. Pop in, at a social distance!, and have a look at them if that would help?
Regards
Gary
Gary Long
Head of Trewithen Gardens and Parks
Truro
Cornwall
TR2 4DD
It would seem that the naming of these, possibly, Ilex cyrtura has gone through many evolutions over the years just as ours have here.What is clear from these photographs is that the Trewithen holly group is a completely different species to our own unidentified veterans. The Trewithen trees are semi evergreen and pretty much devoid of leaves today after the second Beast from the East. Our veterans are clearly fully evergreen and the leaf shape is totally different.Like our Ilex kingiana and Ilex perado ssp. azorica the Trewithen plants self-seed and via birds around the clump and through the garden.I am fairly sure that we do not have Ilex cyrtura growing here if that is what it actually is?My holly article is written but needs to be peer reviewed in time by Susyn Andrews and Tom Hudson.

2020 – CHW
As we suffer Storm Dennis and the predicted 5½in of rain time to reflect on a few drier events earlier this week. Actually the rain is perhaps an inch over the 30 hours it rained solidly here. The wind was SW but less strong than a week ago in Storm Ciara. Damage reports awaited.A quick film of the barn owl being disturbed from its roost in the Tin Garden shed. We will have to install an owl box nearby to give it peace and quiet in the visitor season.

Jaimie saw movement in a squirrel trap and assumed, incorrectly, that the squirrel was still alive. This has never happened with the Kania 2000 traps to date. On opening the trap a startled stoat sped off. The stoat had been having a free meal out of the squirrel as you can see here. The squirrel cull is now nearly 50 since mid-January which compares to twice that number a year ago. We may be getting on top of them a bit and are certainly saving damage to magnolias, newly planted native trees and birds nests. Few to be seen nowadays as one goes around the garden.
Squirrel eaten by stoat
Squirrel eaten by stoat

 

A meeting at the church to plan further restoration work on the next two stained glass windows. The last two completed between 2014 and 2016 cost £18,000. We hope for grant help from the Cornwall Historic Churches Trust as before but we do have over £4,000 already in the windows account. Now to find out if the window restorer from Lanteglos-by-Fowey can again take on this very specialised work and then to obtain a ‘faculty’ from the diocese which is in effect planning permission from the church authorities to do the work.
stained glass windows
stained glass windows
stained glass windows
stained glass windows
stained glass windows
stained glass windows

2019 – CHW
Variations in camellia flowers with mixed colours. Every flower is different. Often radically so. Camellia ‘Nagasaki’ is a perfect example but here are another couple.An ancient plant of Camellia ‘Doncklaeri’ exhibits this nicely above the Auklandii Garden.
Camellia ‘Doncklaeri’
Camellia ‘Doncklaeri’
Camellia ‘Doncklaeri’
Camellia ‘Doncklaeri’
Camellia ‘Doncklaeri’
Camellia ‘Doncklaeri’
Camellia ‘Doncklaeri’
Camellia ‘Doncklaeri’
A much younger Camellia ‘Memphis Bell’ nearly is a perfect example. Just look at how variable the different flowers are in size and colour.
Camellia ‘Memphis Belle’
Camellia ‘Memphis Belle’
Camellia ‘Memphis Belle’
Camellia ‘Memphis Belle’
Camellia ‘Memphis Belle’
Camellia ‘Memphis Belle’
Camellia ‘Memphis Belle’
Camellia ‘Memphis Belle’
Magnolia campbellii ‘Darjeeling’ just coming out and what a colour. Words fail me to describe it so I guess the RHS colour chart needs to be used (cost £450 but we do have one!).
Magnolia campbellii ‘Darjeeling’
Magnolia campbellii ‘Darjeeling’
Magnolia campbellii ‘Darjeeling’
Magnolia campbellii ‘Darjeeling’
Magnolia campbellii ‘Darjeeling’
Magnolia campbellii ‘Darjeeling’

2018 – CHW (some photos to follow)
More record tree labels going out today with Karol.Prunus x incam ‘Shosar’ is nicely out in the sun below the Tower. Another by the cash point is showing up well too. There are also a couple more to check in Kennel Close to see if they are out too. JCW’s diaries refer a lot to early cherries like these.First flower on Camellia ‘Kick Off’.First flowers on pink and white forms of Rhododendron irroratum.
Ditto on Camellia ‘Dr Burnside’.
Camellia ‘Dr Burnside’
Camellia ‘Dr Burnside’
Camellia ‘Dr Burnside’
Camellia ‘Dr Burnside’
Ditto Camellia ‘Black Lace’ which we brought back as a plant from Italy.
Camellia ‘Black Lace’
Camellia ‘Black Lace’

I have walked under this very pale old original Magnolia campbellii by Tin Garden several times in recent days but forgot to look up on gloomy days. Here the first few flowers in the sun which are relatively undamaged but a far cry from the ‘real’ M. campbellii which we know.Surprisingly an early flower on Magnolia ‘Shirazz’. We used to think this was a late season flowerer but the plants here anyway have now changed their minds. Last year it was early too.

Camellia reticulata ‘William Hertrich’ full out in a sheltered spot. Huge flowers and early. Note how the flowers vary in shape and petal conformation.

JCW’s diary records Rhododendron sutchuenense as often being out in January. The first glimpse of it by Rogers Quarry today but no colour yet by the Auklandii Garden.

Our last year’s layers on the pink Rhododendron sinogrande look to have settled and are perhaps starting to root out.

Atherosperma moschatum above the quarry has a few flowers here and there in the sun. A delicate Tasmanian evergreen best grown on a bank so you can look up at the flowers.
Atherosperma moschatum
Atherosperma moschatum
Atherosperma moschatum
Atherosperma moschatum
Camellia ‘Debutante’ well out.
Camellia ‘Debutante’
Camellia ‘Debutante’
Camellia ‘Debutante’
Camellia ‘Debutante’

This is a windbreak hedge near the sea of the tough Ilex platyphylla. This tree rotted off at the base but still lives on through its many now well rooted and self-made layers. Quite odd but entirely natural and untouched by man situation.Ilex platyphylla loves to bush out form the base. Where it is too dark for it to do so the trunk still ‘has a go’ at ground level.

2017 – CHW
Another clump of Rhododendron grande seedlings are now full out by the Auklandii Garden. They do not look quite pure from the leaves or flowers which are near white with a dark purple blotch and a faint pink edge to the trumpets at first. I wonder if this clump ever had a name? Rather nice.
Rhododendron grande
Rhododendron grande
Rhododendron grande
Rhododendron grande
Rhododendron grande
Rhododendron grande
Camellia ‘Fairy Blush’ (a Camellia lutchuensis hybrid) planted last year on the main patch is well out but the leaves look a bit scarred and chlorotic. I think this plant is tender and needs more shelter than here.
Camellia ‘Fairy Blush’
Camellia ‘Fairy Blush’
Camellia ‘Fairy Blush’
Camellia ‘Fairy Blush’
The first of Tom Hudson’s (wild collected seed) Rhododendron niveum is out. An odd truss where some flower trumpets are out or even over before other buds have started to open. Red in bud but opening the pale mauve-purple which I always remember them on the original plants at Donkey Shoe. All our other plants of this clearly variable species are nowhere near out yet by Georges Hut.
Rhododendron niveum
Rhododendron niveum
Rhododendron niveum
Rhododendron niveum
Oemleria cerasiformis is just coming out on the main patch. A suckering plant which is easy to propagate from autumn hardwood cuttings. The flower tassels are just starting. In time they will have a nasty scent.
Oemleria cerasiformis
Oemleria cerasiformis
Oemleria cerasiformis
Oemleria cerasiformis
The purpose of my trip today (which required gloves and was short because it is bloody cold) was to photograph the first few flowers on Magnolia ‘Bishop Peter’. BBC Spotlight showed these as part of their weather forecast a day or two ago. However there are still only a few out at the very top.
Magnolia ‘Bishop Peter’
Magnolia ‘Bishop Peter’

The buds lower down still have their double casings intact.

buds lower down
buds lower down
Camellia x williamsii ‘Salutation’ and Camellia ‘Citation’ always muddle me. This is Camellia ‘Salutation’. This plant is thriving by ‘Bishop Peter’.
Camellia x williamsii ‘Salutation’
Camellia x williamsii ‘Salutation’
Camellia x williamsii ‘Salutation’
Camellia x williamsii ‘Salutation’
Camellia x williamsii ‘Salutation’
Camellia x williamsii ‘Salutation’

I got Rhododendron irroratum confused with Rhododendron morrii the other day. Now it is full out there is no doubt. I had forgotten we still had old, original plants of this species and have been planting out new replacements.

Rhododendron irroratum
Rhododendron irroratum
Rhododendron irroratum
Rhododendron irroratum
Rhododendron irroratum
Rhododendron irroratum
Here we see the form with pink stripes on the trumpets and those which are almost pure white in flower. A pleasing discovery. Jaimie cocked up the naming too. Rhododendron moorii is next door and obviously different as well as not out!
almost pure white in flower
almost pure white in flower
almost pure white in flower
almost pure white in flower
This line of rhododendron hybrids are beside the path on the way to Rookery Gate. The first three are very early with a red edge to the white trumpets. Reminds me of Rhododendron ‘President Roosevelt’ without the variegated leaves. I wonder if JCW ever named this? Very well worth propagating. Unusual and very early! The other plants in this line flower later and are pink. I have not seen these in flower for decades and missed them the last two years also. Quite a miss!
rhododendron hybrids
rhododendron hybrids
rhododendron hybrids
rhododendron hybrids
rhododendron hybrids
rhododendron hybrids
rhododendron hybrids
rhododendron hybrids
2016 – CHW
Finally a night of some not very severe frost but enough to put paid to the two magnolias outside the yard. Further up in the garden they are still fine as you can see from the Magnolia campbellii which is untouched despite the raw south east wind today.The men are just finishing the second half of a huge ash tree by Tin Garden which we had to fell today. The other half fell in the gales a week ago and the remainder was certainly unsafe for visitors. The logs will be stored here until autumn and then into the castle wood stores.
two magnolias outside the yard
Two magnolias outside the yard
huge ash tree by Tin Garden
Huge ash tree by Tin Garden
Mahonia leschenaultii has come out into flower for the first time. Nasty spiny leaves even by mahonia standards and a brand new species to me. Not in Hillier’s and the spelling might not be 100%!
Mahonia leschenaultii
Mahonia leschenaultii
Mahonia leschenaultii
Mahonia leschenaultii
Lots of areas of the garden have been cut back and tidied for opening. ‘Mr Billy’ has a shit beside Georges Hut and the nicely pruned hydrangeas.
‘Mr Billy’
‘Mr Billy’
Magnolia ‘Sweet Sixteen’ is looking anything but ‘sweet’ but Magnolia ‘Pegasus’ is coming out nicely nearby with a bit more shelter.
Magnolia ‘Sweet Sixteen’
Magnolia ‘Sweet Sixteen’
Magnolia ‘Pegasus’
Magnolia ‘Pegasus’
Three early flowers on the newish New Zealand Magnolia ‘Plum Pudding’ are looking plum-like I suppose above Crinodendron Hedge.
Magnolia ‘Plum Pudding’
Magnolia ‘Plum Pudding’
Rhododendron siderophyllum is out by Higher Quarry Nursery. Not a hugely exciting species but fairly new to us (or me anyway). There are several more plants outside the front gates up the bank a bit which we grew from seed ourselves which have more pink in the flowers.
Rhododendron siderophyllum
Rhododendron siderophyllum
Rhododendron siderophyllum
Rhododendron siderophyllum
A nice clump of stingy nettles by the Playhouse are 12 inches tall already and have grown along all winter untouched.
A nice clump of stingy nettles
A nice clump of stingy nettles

1988 – FJW
7 Magnolias out … including Giddle, Bishop Peter, 2 by steep steps, crino hedge.1969 – FJW
A wintry assize. Heavy frost and 5 lots of snow – George Blandford has been excellent as well as St Ewe – they have taken 4° of frost well.1966 – FJW
Still very wet indeed – moors waterlogged and we have had a very wet six months. All Hamamelis flowered together again – Lower Quarry Nursery Hamamelis very early. Red Admiral fine.

1946 – CW
Both Mag campbellii have a flower out also a good bud still on Grandiflora. One or two Lapagerias. Reticulata spec. Camellia at its best and J.C.W crosses.
Rhodo – a lot of Sutchuenense hybrids out also Blood Red and hybrid, Lutescens, Barbatum and one or two Mrs Butler hybrids. Perhaps 20 different daffodils.
1933 – JCW
Camellia speciosa at Gun Room door has about 300 flowers on it.1924 – JCW
None of the above (1922) are open but Conradinae is over. It is now very cold.1922 – JCW
Prunus mume has been very good for a fortnight or more. P triflora seems to be the next in order with P conradinae, some fair Sutchuenense x Arboreum are open.1911 – JCW
Some Cyclamineus open. Went out after tea for the first time, some Arboreums opening and hybrids.1907 – JCW
Later than all of the above, C coum are yet very good, snowdrops and aconites at their best.1903 – JCW
Made my first indoors crop on M Plume and Mde de Graaff. Several H Irving open outside and in comp open in the Tin Garden.1902 – JCW
H Irving just shows colour, Minor not properly open, the fortnight of frost left us today, one Tenby shows colour.1897 – JCW
Gunneras on the move.

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